214 lines
9.0 KiB
Arduino
214 lines
9.0 KiB
Arduino
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/* @file DynamicKeypad.pde
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|| @version 1.2
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|| @author Mark Stanley
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|| @contact mstanley@technologist.com
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|| 07/11/12 - Re-modified (from DynamicKeypadJoe2) to use direct-connect kpds
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|| 02/28/12 - Modified to use I2C i/o G. D. (Joe) Young
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|| @dificulty: Intermediate
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|| @description
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|| | This is a demonstration of keypadEvents. It's used to switch between keymaps
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|| | while using only one keypad. The main concepts being demonstrated are:
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|| | Using the keypad events, PRESSED, HOLD and RELEASED to simplify coding.
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|| | How to use setHoldTime() and why.
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|| | Making more than one thing happen with the same key.
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|| | Assigning and changing keymaps on the fly.
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|| |
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|| | Another useful feature is also included with this demonstration although
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|| | it's not really one of the concepts that I wanted to show you. If you look
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|| | at the code in the PRESSED event you will see that the first section of that
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|| | code is used to scroll through three different letters on each key. For
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|| | example, pressing the '2' key will step through the letters 'd', 'e' and 'f'.
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|| | Using the keypad events, PRESSED, HOLD and RELEASED to simplify coding
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|| | Very simply, the PRESSED event occurs imediately upon detecting a pressed
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|| | key and will not happen again until after a RELEASED event. When the HOLD
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|| | event fires it always falls between PRESSED and RELEASED. However, it will
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|| | only occur if a key has been pressed for longer than the setHoldTime() interval.
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|| |
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|| | How to use setHoldTime() and why
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|| | Take a look at keypad.setHoldTime(500) in the code. It is used to set the
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|| | time delay between a PRESSED event and the start of a HOLD event. The value
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|| | 500 is in milliseconds (mS) and is equivalent to half a second. After pressing
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|| | a key for 500mS the HOLD event will fire and any code contained therein will be
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|| | executed. This event will stay active for as long as you hold the key except
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|| | in the case of bug #1 listed above.
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|| |
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|| | Making more than one thing happen with the same key.
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|| | If you look under the PRESSED event (case PRESSED:) you will see that the '#'
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|| | is used to print a new line, Serial.println(). But take a look at the first
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|| | half of the HOLD event and you will see the same key being used to switch back
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|| | and forth between the letter and number keymaps that were created with alphaKeys[4][5]
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|| | and numberKeys[4][5] respectively.
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|| |
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|| | Assigning and changing keymaps on the fly
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|| | You will see that the '#' key has been designated to perform two different functions
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|| | depending on how long you hold it down. If you press the '#' key for less than the
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|| | setHoldTime() then it will print a new line. However, if you hold if for longer
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|| | than that it will switch back and forth between numbers and letters. You can see the
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|| | keymap changes in the HOLD event.
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|| |
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|| |
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|| | In addition...
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|| | You might notice a couple of things that you won't find in the Arduino language
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|| | reference. The first would be #include <ctype.h>. This is a standard library from
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|| | the C programming language and though I don't normally demonstrate these types of
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|| | things from outside the Arduino language reference I felt that its use here was
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|| | justified by the simplicity that it brings to this sketch.
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|| | That simplicity is provided by the two calls to isalpha(key) and isdigit(key).
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|| | The first one is used to decide if the key that was pressed is any letter from a-z
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|| | or A-Z and the second one decides if the key is any number from 0-9. The return
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|| | value from these two functions is either a zero or some positive number greater
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|| | than zero. This makes it very simple to test a key and see if it is a number or
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|| | a letter. So when you see the following:
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|| | if (isalpha(key)) // this tests to see if your key was a letter
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|| | And the following may be more familiar to some but it is equivalent:
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|| | if (isalpha(key) != 0) // this tests to see if your key was a letter
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|| | And Finally...
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|| | To better understand how the event handler affects your code you will need to remember
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|| | that it gets called only when you press, hold or release a key. However, once a key
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|| | is pressed or held then the event handler gets called at the full speed of the loop().
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|| #
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*/
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#include <Keypad.h>
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#include <ctype.h>
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const byte ROWS = 4; //four rows
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const byte COLS = 3; //three columns
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// Define the keymaps. The blank spot (lower left) is the space character.
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char alphaKeys[ROWS][COLS] = {
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{ 'a','d','g' },
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{ 'j','m','p' },
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{ 's','v','y' },
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{ ' ','.','#' }
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};
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char numberKeys[ROWS][COLS] = {
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{ '1','2','3' },
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{ '4','5','6' },
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{ '7','8','9' },
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{ ' ','0','#' }
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};
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boolean alpha = false; // Start with the numeric keypad.
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byte rowPins[ROWS] = {5, 4, 3, 2}; //connect to the row pinouts of the keypad
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byte colPins[COLS] = {8, 7, 6}; //connect to the column pinouts of the keypad
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// Create two new keypads, one is a number pad and the other is a letter pad.
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Keypad numpad( makeKeymap(numberKeys), rowPins, colPins, sizeof(rowPins), sizeof(colPins) );
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Keypad ltrpad( makeKeymap(alphaKeys), rowPins, colPins, sizeof(rowPins), sizeof(colPins) );
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unsigned long startTime;
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const byte ledPin = 13; // Use the LED on pin 13.
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void setup() {
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Serial.begin(9600);
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pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
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digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // Turns the LED on.
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ltrpad.begin( makeKeymap(alphaKeys) );
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numpad.begin( makeKeymap(numberKeys) );
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ltrpad.addEventListener(keypadEvent_ltr); // Add an event listener.
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ltrpad.setHoldTime(500); // Default is 1000mS
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numpad.addEventListener(keypadEvent_num); // Add an event listener.
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numpad.setHoldTime(500); // Default is 1000mS
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}
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char key;
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void loop() {
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if( alpha )
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key = ltrpad.getKey( );
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else
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key = numpad.getKey( );
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if (alpha && millis()-startTime>100) { // Flash the LED if we are using the letter keymap.
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digitalWrite(ledPin,!digitalRead(ledPin));
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startTime = millis();
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}
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}
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static char virtKey = NO_KEY; // Stores the last virtual key press. (Alpha keys only)
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static char physKey = NO_KEY; // Stores the last physical key press. (Alpha keys only)
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static char buildStr[12];
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static byte buildCount;
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static byte pressCount;
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static byte kpadState;
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// Take care of some special events.
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void keypadEvent_ltr(KeypadEvent key) {
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// in here when in alpha mode.
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kpadState = ltrpad.getState( );
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swOnState( key );
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} // end ltrs keypad events
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void keypadEvent_num( KeypadEvent key ) {
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// in here when using number keypad
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kpadState = numpad.getState( );
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swOnState( key );
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} // end numbers keypad events
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void swOnState( char key ) {
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switch( kpadState ) {
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case PRESSED:
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if (isalpha(key)) { // This is a letter key so we're using the letter keymap.
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if (physKey != key) { // New key so start with the first of 3 characters.
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pressCount = 0;
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virtKey = key;
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physKey = key;
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}
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else { // Pressed the same key again...
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virtKey++; // so select the next character on that key.
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pressCount++; // Tracks how many times we press the same key.
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}
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if (pressCount > 2) { // Last character reached so cycle back to start.
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pressCount = 0;
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virtKey = key;
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}
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Serial.print(virtKey); // Used for testing.
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}
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if (isdigit(key) || key == ' ' || key == '.')
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Serial.print(key);
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if (key == '#')
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Serial.println();
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break;
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case HOLD:
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if (key == '#') { // Toggle between keymaps.
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if (alpha == true) { // We are currently using a keymap with letters
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alpha = false; // Now we want a keymap with numbers.
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digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
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}
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else { // We are currently using a keymap with numbers
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alpha = true; // Now we want a keymap with letters.
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}
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}
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else { // Some key other than '#' was pressed.
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buildStr[buildCount++] = (isalpha(key)) ? virtKey : key;
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buildStr[buildCount] = '\0';
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Serial.println();
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Serial.println(buildStr);
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}
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break;
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case RELEASED:
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if (buildCount >= sizeof(buildStr)) buildCount = 0; // Our string is full. Start fresh.
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break;
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} // end switch-case
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}// end switch on state function
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